The Many Ways of Combating Feelings of Sickness

cancer

Dr Pam Brown continues our series on complementary medicines by looking at how they can help reduce or overcome the feelings of sickness that can be caused by some anti-cancer treatments.

Nausea is when you feel sick and vomiting is when the contents of your stomach actually empty.

If there is no obvious cause for your nausea or vomiting, always ask your doctor for advice. Some causes of nausea and vomiting need urgent treatment, and some other causes can be treated easily, so there is no need to suffer these distressing symptoms.

Conventional treatments for nausea and vomiting

Eating small light meals may help. Dry crackers and low fat foods are easy to digest. Avoid citrus juices and fizzy drinks. If you are vomiting, instead of eating take frequent sips of water or an electrolyte solution (such as Dioralyte or Rehidrat) to help put back the fluid and salts which you have lost.
Anti-sickness medicines

* Metoclopramide

* Domperidone

* Cyclizine

* Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)

* Newer, very effective anti-sickness drugs such as ondansetron are used before and during chemotherapy.

Sometimes you will need a combination of different types of anti-sickness drugs to stop you vomiting.

Always ask your doctor for advice if you notice blood in the vomit, the vomiting is accompanied by abdominal pain which doesn’t settle after a few hours, or the vomiting continues for more than 12 hours.
Which complementary therapies can help?

Acupressure on pericardium point 6 (P6) can be effective in all types of nausea and vomiting. Point P6 is located on the inside of the wrist, 3 finger breadths up from the wrist crease nearest to the hand. Press on this point in line with your ring finger for 30 seconds to 1 minute on each side with the thumb of the other hand. Alternatively you can wear acupressure bands (‘Anti-nausea bands’) sold for travel sickness. Acupuncture treatments from a therapist may also help.

Peppermint, spearmint, lavender, sweet fennel and chamomile aromatherapy oils are soothing and can ease nausea. Add a couple of drops to the bathwater, add to a diffuser or burner, or mix a couple of drops into a spoonful of vegetable oil and massage into your chest so that you can inhale the aroma easily.

Ginger can help with all types of nausea, including that associated with chemotherapy, but should be avoided if there is any problem with the clotting of the blood. Check with your doctor before taking ginger capsules if you are pregnant. Ginger appears to have a calming effect on the gut. You can drink ginger ale (but make sure it is made with real ginger), eat ginger biscuits or crystallized ginger, or grate fresh ginger and infuse it with boiling water to make a tea. For more severe nausea, ginger root powder or standardised ginger extracts are available as capsules. Always follow the dosing directions on the pack if taking capsules. Studies which compared ginger capsules with conventional anti-sickness treatments found ginger was just as effective for seasickness and sickness after surgery, but with no side effects. Ginger started to work after 20-30 minutes, and the effects lasted for about 4 hours.

Green tea is helpful when nausea and vomiting are due to food poisoning. Drink a cup as needed. Camomile tea can be used twice daily for its soothing properties both on the stomach and the nerves, and peppermint tea may also aid digestion and settle nausea and vomiting. (Avoid peppermint if you are pregnant.) Cinnamon tea contains catechins which help with nausea.

Homoeopathy offers three main remedies for nausea and vomiting. Ipecacuanha is helpful for intense, continuous nausea and sweating which is unrelieved by vomiting. Arsenicum album can help when there is burning pain and acid vomiting, with diarrhea, coldness, chills, weakness and anxiety. Nux vomica works best when there is a heavy, bloated feeling in the stomach with belching, heartburn and nausea, and symptoms are worse in the morning and after food. Let a 6c tablet dissolve in your mouth every 15 minutes to an hour, up to a total of 6-10 doses, or use three times per day. Leave about 30 minutes after taking conventional treatments or cleaning your teeth before you take a homoeopathic remedy.

Reflexology may be helpful for nausea. If you explain to your reflexologist that you are feeling sick much of the time, s/he can work carefully on the stomach and bowel areas to make sure these are as healthy as possible. This may help your nausea.

Always check with your doctor first before using any complementary therapy.

Cancer support awards planned

What kind of cancer is life better price?

Like what type of cancer has the best price that is likely to succeed and live.

Basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Prostate Cancer Stages

cancer

Cancer is a disease process that usually begins when an abnormal cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of the cellular DNA. It forms a clone and proliferates at an abnormal rate. The cells acquire invasive characteristics and infiltrates tissues surrounding it. Cancerous cells are described as malignant neoplasms that demonstrate uncontrolled cell growths and follow no physiologic demands.

Prostate cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the prostate. The prostate is the gland seen below a man’s bladder that produces fluid for semen. The cancer may spread to other parts of the body like the bones and lymph nodes. It may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Prostate cancer tends to develop in men older that 50 years old. Its specific cause is unknown. Prostate cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States in 2004 (From the American Cancer Society, 2004).
Cancer Staging and Grading

A systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer starts with a complete diagnostic evaluation that includes identifying the grade and stage of the tumor. This is done before treatment begins to provide baseline data for evaluating treatment outcomes.

Staging determines the existence of metastasis as well as the size of the tumor. The TNM system is often used (Green, et.al., 2002). In this system, “T” refers to the size of the primary tumor, “N” refers to the lymph node involvement, and “M” refers to the extent of the metastasis.

Grading defines the type of tissues from which the tumor originated. The tumor is assigned a numeric value from I to IV. Grade I tumors – also called as the well-differentiated tumors, closely resemble the tissue of origin in structure and function. Tumors that do not clearly resemble the original tissue in structure and function are described as poorly differentiated and are assigned a grade IV. These tumors are less responsive to treatment and tend to be more aggressive.

TNM Classification System

T The extent of the primary tumor
N The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis
M The absence or presence of distant metastasis

Primary tumor (T)

Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
T1, T2, T3, T4 increasing size and/or local extent of the primary tumor

Regional Lymph Nodes (N)

Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1, N2, N3 Increasing involvement of regional lymph node
Distant Metastasis
Mx Distant metastasis cannot be assessed
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distance metastasis

Signs and Symptoms

Early stage of prostate cancer causes no symptoms. If it does, its symptoms resemble that of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It includes frequent urination, most especially at night, difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, blood in urine and painful urination. Biopsy is the only test that can fully confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Weight and Breast Cancer Risk

How cancer can proliferate, if the immune system destroys it from the beginning?

If the immune system recognizes a cell cancer from the beginning, before largely divided, "why can not destroy the cell? If this is naive, because I'm starting to learn about the subject.

Hello Bobby. Your question is excellent and scientific researchers are studying this issue. Note that the response is not scientifically Gary correct. The immune system, through a process called "immune surveillance", recognizes and kill abnormal cells. However, for a tumor cell to survive and become a cancer cell, must "learn" to avoid recognition by the immune system – this is called "escape" from Immune Security. Therefore, cancer develops because cancer cells have mutated into a form that allows them to escape immune attack. Here another key issue affecting the immune system and cancer. If immune surveillance of the works, but the immune response is not to kill any cancer cells, ongoing immune response creates an environment of "inflammatory" to the remaining cancer cells – one that carcinogenesis environnent units. In summary, immune system identify and kill cancer cells, however, cancer cells can learn to avoid bei ng recognized by the immune system (escape surveillance immune). Finally, if the immune system responds to a tumor or cancer cells, but not to destroy, the immune response in inflammatory course creates the ideal half environment for the growth of cancer cells. Best wishes and good luck. Here are links to scientific journals on this topic. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308095?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSyst... Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_SingleItemSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA linkpos & = 2 & log = & $ relatedreviews logdbfrom = PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742305 /? tool = pubmed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18364000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029030 gov/pubmed/20196816 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pubmed/19944963

Drinking Soda Linked to Pancreatic Cancers

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Cancer is the least word you want to hear if you are diagnosed with something not normal with your body. All cancer cases are life threatening and usually impossible to treat when not earlier detected. There are a lot of causes of cancers such as environments, genes and habits. One damaging habit you may want to avoid after reading this article is drinking sodas.

Study reveals that drinking at least two sodas a day can increase your risk of pancreatic cancers, a disease in pancreas. Too much sugar content in soda drinks are believed to be the culprit. Pancreatic cancers is a very complicated disease in which patients only survived for five years or more after being diagnosed with the illness.

Europeans and Westerners are more prone of this habit because of their usual lifestyle of eating outside restaurants. But Asians are not too far behind as serious cases of cancers were recorded and mostly are smokers and soda drinkers.

Although sodas are not directly been accused as the main cause of pancreatic cancer, a research reveals that most patients of the said disease has sugar loving tendencies which also tends to prefer drinking sodas from water. Research also shows that patients are smokers, less physically active and carnivorous eaters. This means that aside from the culprit which is sugar, the most obvious cause of pancreatic cancers is the unhealthy way of life.

Even though it is not justified that sodas are the main cause, lets all be aware that cola drinks are still bad for your health. Other bad effects of sodas are the following.

Bad for Oral Health
Increase in blood sugar level
Cause of ulcers and other digestive abnormalities
Cancers
Liver damage
Obesity

We only live once in this world. We have to fully maximize this gift of life from God and to do that, we must learn to love ourselves by living healthy and staying away from the things that can cause us harm. Stay healthy because health is wealth.

Weight and Breast Cancer Risk

How are cancer cells similar to normal cells and how they differ?

I know that a similarity would regenerate cells, and a difference in cancer cells would grow uncontrollably. Is there anything else?

There are 6 characteristics of a cell of cancer: 1 – They are able to produce molecules that promote their own growth of 2 – are resistant to the molecules of other cells that may limit its growth 3 – They are able to avoid apoptosis (normal cell death) 4 – They are able to replicate indefinitely 5 – They are able to promote the generation of new blood vessels to 6 supply them with nutrients – are able to metastasize (migrate) to other body regions of the base idea, as already mentioned is that cancer cells may play infinitely and are beyond the control of the body. At the beginning of most cancers, cells tend to look like the fabric of which they originate. Thus, an early stage lung cancer are very similar to one lung of normal cells, except for the fact that it continues to grow. These cancers are the principles that referred to as benign, because they tend to stay in the fabric come from and are generally easy to remove. However, as cancer cells mature, they are increasingly less like the original tissue cell. In fact, cancer of the mature cells actually look like stem cells. If you think it their many similarities, both play constantly and they are immortal. The difference between a stem cell and a mature cancer cells is that cancer cells can not be regulated by the body. The cancer cell mature also acquires the ability to metastasize and at that time are called malignant because it can invade other tissues making full removal difficult.

What is "Leukemia"?

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What is Leukemia?

The word Leukemia is derived from the Greek words leukos (white) and aima (blood). In simple terms, it is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. It affects the forming of blood cells, one of the most important cells groups of the human body.

An abnormal production and accumulation of white blood cells characterizes this disease. This form of cancer starts to grow from the stem cells present in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made.

The presence of abnormal cells called as leukemia cells?, also called as damaged leukocytes confirms the disease. Abnormal cells often over crowd with the other cells and end up with damaged DNA. The entire process makes it difficult for the other cells to do their functions smoothly.

In a healthy human, the W.B.C will die after a certain period resulting in the growth of fresh. In this case, they do not die easily and take-up space and continue to add-up. This crowding of bad cells, almost like a fission reaction in an uncontrolled manner, does not allow the normal functioning of the good cells and this result in sickness.

To better understand this disease, it is important that we know the related biological terms:

Bone Marrow:
The inner part of the bone is the bone marrow and this is where R.B.C, platelets and W.B.C are created

White blood cells (W.B.C):
They are also called leukocytes, and they primarily help fight infections. They are of three types:
Lymphocytes – Main cells that help in fighting infections
Granulocytes – These are W.B.C with granules which destroy microbes
Monocytes – These are related to granulocytes and also help the body fight against microbes

Red blood cells (R.B.C):
They are the ones that carry oxygen to all the tissues of the body.

Platelets:
They are very important in forming clots which prevents the blood vessels from bleeding.

Martina Navratilova talks about her battle against cancer

How can cancer spread without lymph node involvement?

My aunts became clear lymph nodes, but found injuries to his liver has been diagnosed with breast cancer.They are doing a liver biopsy.We have no idea at this time if anything Iam ro cancer nothing.But praying for how can spead cancer without lymph node involvement? What is the possibility that this is just nothing? They did Blood tests came back as non-vascular

I have curiosity about what we mean by "did blood tests came back as non-vascular." The truth is that all tumors have a vasculature or may not survive. feed the tumors in the same oxygen and nutrients to the rest of your body is fed by, among others. As a result, cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, coming to rest in other places. The liver is a prime target for these malignant cells, since it acts as a filter for blood. The lymphatic system definitely plays a role, but not always positive nodes metastases precede distance.

You Are At Risk For Colon Cancer

cancer

Every year more than 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are diagnosed each year. Nearly 50,000 people will die of the disease annually. Once thought of as a “men’s” disease, colon cancer equally affects women as well.

Being a couch potato is definitely putting you at higher risk for the disease. Smoking and alcoholism are other high risk factors along with obesity. Maintaining a colon-healthy diet shouldn’t be all that hard for the average person to maintain, although for many it may require some dietary adjustments. On a whole we Americans love to eat a high fat low fiber diet. Our colon’s on the other hand prefer a low fat, high fiber diet. Gradually making the switch over is achievable with a bit of practice and discipline. As a result you will not only improve your colon health, but you will most likely lose weight in the process which will not only make you more attractive, but improve your overall health as well. Obesity increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes and many other illneses, so losing weight is a win-win situation for most.

How do we adjust our diets to be more colon-healthy? Simply add more fiber! We have all heard that one before but WHY is fiber so good for your health? Fiber is the one part of our diet that isn’t absorbed by our bodies – in the way that fats, proteins and carbohydrates are. That is why fiber is referred to as bulk or roughage. Fiber is found mainly in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes. It comes in two forms:

  1. Fiber that dissolves in water = Soluble

Helps lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Found in apples, citruses, carrots, barley, oats and psyllium.

  1. Fiber that doesn’t dissolves in water = Insoluble
  2. Helps people suffering with constipation. Found in whole-wheat, wheat bran and nuts.


To summarize so far, a high fiber diet has the following health benefits:

  • Normalizes bowel movements and reduces IBS

  • Maintains bowel health
  • Lowers blood cholesterol
  • Controls blood sugar levels
  • Promotes weight loss
  • Supports a reduced risk of colorectal cancer
  • Most Americans do not consume enough fiber in their diet for optimal health. Men should consume 30-38 grams and women 21-25 grams of fiber daily. Try adding to your diet more whole grain products, raw (unprocessed) fruits and vegetables, beans and other legumes, nuts and seeds.

    Add fiber gradually to your diet over a few weeks time so you don’t overwhelm your digestive system and suffer temporary bloating and cramps. Colon cleansing supplements also have dietary fiber to help cleanse your digestive track. Doing a bi-annual colon cleansing will help your overall colon health. One highly rated product is Co-Clean tablets.

    Martina Navratilova talks about her battle against cancer

    Why is the cancer in some places more than others?

    For example, people get tumors in their lungs, bladder, stomach, intestine, brain, breast and other organs, but never saw a man developing cancer in the fingers, feet, thighs, etc. .. Cancer is supposed to be able to develop any tissue in the body, why does not appear more frequently in certain areas? Can someone explain this to me, I really want to know.

    It tends to occur more frequently in the epithelial tissue because this tissue type is played more frequently. Since it is the replication of cells that goes awry in cancer, would follow that we would see more often in cancer cell types that divide more frequently. We are also more likely than cancers in places that are most exposed to carcinogens such as UV radition and environmental toxins. For this reason, some of the most common cancer cancer of the skin, lungs and digestive tract.

    Three Ways to Prevent Cancer

    cancer

    Surely, you do not want to be diagnosed with a horrible disease, such as cancer. There is no cure for cancer. Sure, there is chemotherapy, but that is certainly no cure that you want to go through. Instead of putting your life on the line, you should look into some ways to prevent cancer. This way, you can lower your chances of getting this dreadful disease.

    Below, we are going to give you a list of techniques to help reduce the chances of getting cancer. Take note, because it is better to be safe than to be sorry:

    One: Consume a lot of foods that are rich in antioxidants. Eating a lot of tomatoes is a good start. Did you know that if you have a diet that is rich in tomatoes, the risk of developing cancer will fall by forty percent. This is because they are rich in lycopene. What is lycopene? This is an antioxidant that is found in the red skin. Garlic can also help to prevent cancer. Both garlic and onions are rich in allicin. Broccoli is another good food to eat, because it is rich in isothiocyanates. This will help reduce the chances of developing lung cancer. Broccoli is also rich in lutein, which is a good antioxidant to help fight colon cancer.

    Two: Reduce eating foods that are high in calories. When a person is overweight, their chances of getting cancer will increase. This is why it is important to reduce the intake of foods that are high in calories. Don’t eat so much of the foods rich in calories. This includes French fries, chicken, hamburger, pizzas and doughnuts. These food will kill you, literally.

    3. Cigarettes are harmful. Cigarettes are known for causing cancer. Eighty percent of patients dealing with lung cancer are smokers. Ten percent of them are likely victims of secondhand smoke.

    Those are three ways to prevent cancer. We recommend you following these tips before it is too late.

    Martina Navratilova talks about her battle against cancer

    Cancer in an animal of meat, when cooked and eat it, it does taste the same or diffferent?

    After eating the cancer means that the body to digest and more cases of cancer of the molicules?

    Tumors, growths are usually cut when butcher. You can see growth in raw meat. One of the things you do not eat. It tastes different. It has a different texture, different color. It's gross.

    Peritoneal Cancer

    cancer

    There are a variety of diseases in the world today. People are suffering from uncountable diseases and getting no cures for most of the cancer. Peritoneal cancer is one form of these cancer. It is a very rare cancer which takes place in peritoneum. This is a thin sheet which lines up the walls of the abdomen. The women who suffer from ovary cancer, and get this it diagnosed with proper medications, are the ones who are attacked by peritoneal cancer after the ovary cancer. This disease is mostly found in women.

    Symptoms for this cancer are very unclear at the earlier stages of peritoneal cancer. They are very difficult to figure out the symptoms for this disease. It does not show any signs in its earlier stages and when it start to develop, and reaches it upper level, then we can figure out about this dangerous disease. This is big disadvantage, that in this modern science world, it is difficult to find the symptoms of a disease. The symptoms of this disease are very much similar to the symptoms of the disease known as ovarian cancer.

    Below are some of the symptoms listed for peritoneal cancer:

    1: too much blood flow from vagina

    2: feeling as you are stuffed, although you had a very light meal

    3: continuous vomiting

    4: loss of appetite

    5: nausea

    6: continuous and abnormal weight gain

    Peritoneal cancer can be diagnosed in multiple ways. It is firstly diagnosed through X Rays or the alternative CT scans. One more method for diagnosing this disease is peritoneoscopy. This is the analysis of peritoneum, which lets you know about the disease and that you are or not a victim of this disease.

    These are the major symptoms of peritoneal cancer and they can only be seen when this disease develops at the higher stage. Slowly in your body when this disease matures, the symptoms would be even clearer than before and they would be even more severe.

    The treatments for peritoneal cancer are available. There are many treatments for this dangerous disease, although the success rate of these treatments are very low but still, as we say something is better than nothing. The treatments available for this disease include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. These are the mostly used treatments for this disease and patients to get cured with these treatments but the ratio of surviving patients is low.

    Martina Navratilova talks about her battle against cancer

    What kind of cancer starts in the neck and spreads to lymph lympy back?

    Ok friend who has cancer my mom almost died last spring and what type of cancer spreads from the cervix and spreads to lymph lympy in recent weeks as it could not breathe neck.Two and had to be taken to the hospital.How hard time to release a live person to know intill the good lord takes her and a lot of times the doctor can tell that has both time to live, but many times someone wrong.Can help me out.

    i thinkk cervical cancer, im rlly sorry.: (

    Does Removing Moles Reduce the Risk of Developing Melanoma?

    cancer

    A common misconception is that removing moles reduces melanoma risk.

    There is no doubt that having a lot of moles increases the risk of developing melanoma. However, melanoma experts now believe that it is impossible to predict which moles will turn malignant. In other words, we know which patients are at higher risk, but not necessarily which moles are at greatest risk.

    Consider this:-
    1. Many people believe that all melanomas come from moles. In fact, only around 40% of melanomas arise from moles – the rest develop in normal skin.
    2. The lifetime risk of a benign mole turning into a melanoma is somewhere between 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10 000.

    Therefore, the removing of benign moles is unnecessary. It has a negligible impact on reducing your melanoma risk. Even if every mole on your body was removed you would only halve your risk because 60% of melanomas don’t come from moles. The lifetime risk of a woman developing breast cancer is about 1 in 14. We wouldn’t consider removing breasts to reduce the risk of cancer. Why would we remove a mole that has a risk of 1 in 3000 or less?

    Dysplastic Moles
    There is a type of mole known as a dysplastic mole which deserves special consideration. Dysplastic moles tend to be larger and more irregular than most moles. About 20% of the population will have one or more of these moles. Traditionally dysplastic moles were considered to be at higher risk of turning into melanoma. However, recent studies have suggested that the lifetime risk of a dysplastic mole becoming a melanoma is less than 1 in 1000.

    There is good evidence that people who have more than 5 dysplastic moles are at higher risk of developing melanoma. However, that is not to say that it will necessarily be one of the dysplastic moles which will turn into melanoma. Melanoma experts now believe that people with multiple dysplastic moles have a predisposition to abnormal melanin production in their skin which increases the risk of developing melanoma at any site – not just within the dysplastic moles. Removing the dysplastic moles has a small impact on reducing risk of melanoma.

    In reality, melanoma diagnosis is a skill that can only be developed with expertise and experience. Various factors need to be taken into consideration eg. recent change in a mole, previous history of melanoma or a family history. In addition, many people have a particular type of mole pattern – almost like a fingerprint. A particular type of mole may look perfectly benign and normal on one patient and totally out of place on another. Therefore, the decision to remove a mole is based on many variables.

    However, the facts still remain. There should be a good clinical reason to remove a mole. Mole removal does have potential complications such as bleeding, infection and significant scarring.

    Recommendations

    In summary, my recommendations are as follows:
    1. People at risk should have an annual skin check.
    2. After a thorough examination moles which have diagnostic criteria for melanoma are removed. In skilled hands, 92% of melanomas can be diagnosed on initial examination.
    3. Suspicious moles with no definite features of melanoma should be photographed and rechecked in 3 months. If they change they are removed. This includes moles that the patient has noticed change in but look benign clinically.
    4. People with multiple dysplastic moles should be checked every 6 months and have long-term photographing and monitoring of their suspicious moles.

    Weight and Breast Cancer Risk

    What type of cancer can cause a dog to limp?

    My dog is limping and someone said that can cause cancer. What kind of cancer can cause a dog to limp?

    A tumor may have formed in another body and may be putting pressure on the spinal cord, causing limited movement. It could also be limping because he suffered a sprained leg, it does not always mean something like cancer. Get him checked out because are worried about her.

    Microscopes and Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Understanding the Pathophysiology of a Common Cancer

    First off What is Lymphoma?

    We have to first define what lymphoma is before discussing Hodgkin’s disease. Lymphoma is a cancer that develops from cells in the body known as “lymphocytes.” Lympocytes are a subcategory of white blood cells. There are two different types of lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells. Almost all lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s disease, stem from B-cells.

    In Hodgkin’s lymphoma a B-cell, for unknown reasons, becomes cancerous. The cell then makes many many clones of itself. These cells bundle together to form a solid tumor known as a lymphoma. There are several hypotheses for why these cells become cancerous in Hodgkin’s. One belief is that infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, the same virus that causes infectious mononucleosis) can cause the cells to turn malignant in genetically susceptible people. Other theories are that certain genetic translocations may be the underlying factor. As of yet, no particular theory has significant supporting data to call it the “cause.” In fact, there may be multiple unrelated causes.

    Types

    There are different subcategories of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. They are based on several microscopic characteristics, and are important in determining prognosis. The features the pathologist is looking for are the number of Reed-Sternberg cells, as well as the number of lymphocytes present in the biospy specimen. A Reed-Sternberg cell is a funny shaped cell with two nuclei that looks like owl’s eyes.

    The first subcategory, and most common type, is nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In this type there are very few Reed-Sternberg cells with a moderate number of lymphocytes. It commonly occurs in younger individuals, and with treatment, the prognosis is excellent.

    The second subcategory is mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This type has many Reed-Sternberg cells and a moderate number of lymphocytes when viewed under the microscope. It has an intermediate prognosis.

    The third subcategory is lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s. It has very few Reed-Sternberg cells and many lymphocytes. It occurs most commonly in males less than 35 years of age. It is also one of the few types that is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

    The last subcategory is lymphocyte depleted. It is the rarest form of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It typically affects older males. Unfortunately it has the worst prognosis of the four types.

    Skin Problem - Melanoma

    Johnnie Powell’s face had a small spot that looked different. It was purple and white and itched. That spot started because a melanocyte had grown a cancerous tumor. He was told by his family doctor that he had a melanoma.

    Melanocytes are the cells that produce melanin. Melanin gives dark or tan color to the skin. But, when one of these cells gets out of control, it can produce one of the most dangerous cancers known. And more than 53,0605 people are told that they have melanoma every year just inside the United States of America.

    Risks for getting Melanoma

    The most common risk factor for melanoma known is too much ultraviolet rays. When melanoma was first studied, it was found that people who labored out of doors were those who tended to show up with melanoma. Furthermore, those who had gotten a sunburn causing blisters were those who tended to go on to get a malignant melanoma.

    People with light skin are much more likely to get melanoma. This might likely be related to the fact that they are more likely to get skin damage by sun exposure. But, this is not set in stone.

    Those who have lots of nevi (moles) are at higher risk for melanoma, particularly those who have over 50. Also, those who have a particular type of mole called a dysplastic nevus are at higher risk.

    Some people have had other skin cancers successfully treated including squamous cell carcinoma. Those people are more likely to get melanoma.

    If you have had other people in your family that had melanoma, then you are more likely to get a melanoma as well.

    Finally, those who have a weakended immune system get malignant melanomas more frequently. Whether a person has AIDS, an organ transplant needing medications to curtail the immune system or others using those medications, that person will have a higher risk.

    One published case highlighted the role of genetics in melanoma. A man who was a chimera got melanoma. A chimera is someone who has two different types of DNA on each side of the body. This may occure when twins are formed and somehow join into one body. The man in the journal article had large metastatic lumps of melanoma tumors on one side of his body and none at all on the other!

    How to Identify a Malignant Melanoma

    The only way to be sure whether a bump on your skin is a melanoma or not is to have your doctor take it off and get it studied by a pathologist. However, there are some ways to know if you should be suspicious of one of those lumps or bumps.

    Irregular Border – A melanoma will usually have an uneven border. The average mole has a sharp border. You can point to any spot on your skin and say for sure whether it is part of the mole or not. This is not the case with melanoma.

    Assymetric Shape – The melanoma lesions typically have two halves that look different.

    Different Color – Malignant Melanomas often will have different parts of the tumor that have different colors.

    Size – most melanomas are larger than other moles. And they also tend to grow and may bleed or itch.

    If you have something suspicious on your skin that you have a question about, get it examined by your dermatologist early. By removing the melanoma while it is just getting started gives you a much better chance of a cure. Particularly when the bump is still tiny.

    The Lymphomas

    Malignant lymphomas are a diverse group of cancers derived from the immune system, which result from neoplastic proliferation of B or T lymphocytes. These tumors may arise anywhere in the physique, most commonly inside lymph nodes but occasionally in other organs in which lymphoid components reside. 1 subtype of lymphomas that are composed of mixtures of cellular kinds having a unique biology is called Hodgkin’s lymphomas, whereas all other kinds of lymphomas are referred to as non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

    Several elements are associated with the improvement of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These consist of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency states for example AIDS or iatrogenic immunosuppression utilized in organ transplantation. Viruses are related to the pathogenesis of some types. For instance, most instances of Burkitt’s lymphoma that happen in Africa (endemic kind) are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), whereas Burkitt’s lymphoma manifesting in temperate zones is associated with EBV in only 30% of cases. Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus I (HTLV-I) plays a causative role in the genesis of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, in which the malignant cells contain the integrated virus. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) have been related to physique cavity-based lymphoma, a uncommon B-cell lymphoma that occurs predominantly in patients with AIDS. Chronic immune stimulation may be a causal system in the development of lymphomas too. For instance, chronic gas tritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori infection may give go up to gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Resolution of gastric MALT lymphoma might occur in the majority of patients with localized disease who’re dealt with with antibiotics efficient against H pylori.

    The classification of lymphomas has evolved over several decades. The newest distinction was devised by an international group of lymphoma specialists for that Globe Health Organization. The new scheme characterizes non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas according towards the cellular of origin utilizing a combination of criteria: medical and morphologic features, cytogenetics, and immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibodies that recognize B-cell and T-cell antigens, too as genotypic determination of B-cell and T-cell receptor rearrangements. Most non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas originate in B tissue and express on their surface CD20, a B-cell marker. Their monoclonal origin could be inferred by characterization from the particular class of light chain that is expressed: Either kappa or lambda B-cell lymphomas are further classified as malignant expansions of tissue from your germinal center, mantle zone, or marginal zone of normal lymph nodes.

    Somatic gene rearrangements occur normally during B-cell and T-cell differentiation. The genes for variable and continual regions of the immunoglobulin weighty and light chains are discontinuous in the B-cell germline DNA but are blended by somatic rearrangement to create a functional antibody molecule. The T-cell receptor gene is analogous to the immunoglobulin molecule in that discontinuous sections of this gene also undergo somatic rearrangement early in T-cell development. DNA hybridization by Southern blot analysis permits recognition of a band of electrophoretic mobility that serves being a fingerprint for a monoclonal population of lymphoma tissue.

    Most non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas exhibit karyotypic abnormalities. The most prevalent translocations consist of t(8;14), t(14;18), and t(11;14). Each translocation requires the immunoglobulin weighty chain gene locus at chromosome 14q32 with an oncogene. Identification and cloning of the breakpoints have identified 8q24 as c-myc, 18q21 as bcl-2, and 11q13 as bcl-1. The proximity of these oncogenes to the immunoglobulin gene results in deregulation and elevated expression from the oncogene product.

    Representative subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma include the indolent lymphomas for example follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphomas, and also the intense lymphomas for example mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt’s lymphoma.

    Follicular lymphomas are low-grade tumors that may be insidious within their presentation. The translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is found in more than 90% of follicular lymphomas. The mutation results in overexpression from the bcl-2 protein by these tissue. The bcl-2 is an oncogene that codes for a protein that blocks apoptosis when overexpressed. The absence of bcl-2 translocation as assessed through the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction test may be a marker for full remission standing in sufferers whose lymphomas harbor this translocation. Spontaneous regression of lymph node size is typical in sufferers with follicular lymphomas. Nevertheless, this class of lymphoma is not curable with standard chemotherapy; although the affected person with follicular lymphoma tends to possess an indolent clinical course, transformation to some a lot more aggressive grade of lymphoma happens in 40-50% of patients by 10 years.

    An important subtype of limited area lymphomas would be the MALT lymphomas, which might originate within the stomach, lungs, epidermis, parotid gland, thyroid, breasts, along with other extranodal websites, where they characteristically align themselves with epithelial cells. A close association has been set up between gastric MALT lymphomas and H pylori infection.

    Mantle mobile lymphoma presents histologically being a monotonous populace of small to medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells having a nodular or diffuse pattern that is composed of little lymphoid tissue with irregular nuclear outlines. The diagnosis of mantle mobile lymphoma is depending on morphologic requirements with confirmation by monoclonal antibody staining against cyclin D1 (bcl-1). The t(11;14) translocation seen in the majority of cases of mantle mobile lymphoma results in juxtaposition from the PRAD1 gene on chromosome 11 with the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14. This outcomes in overexpression from the PRAD1 gene item, cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 binds to and activates cyclin-dependent kinases, which are believed to facilitate cell cycle progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This illness occurs more frequently among older males and presents with adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Mantle mobile lymphomas are significantly a lot more resis tant to remedy with mixture chemotherapy than follicular lymphomas and are also incurable.

    Diffuse large-cell lymphoma is probably the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. One third of presentations involve extranodal sites, particularly the head and neck, abdomen, epidermis, bone, testis, and nervous program. Diffuse big B-cell lymphomas frequently harbor mutations or rearrangements from the BCL6 gene.

    Virtually all instances of Burkitt’s lymphoma are associated with alterations of chromosome 8q24, resulting in overexpression of c-myc, an oncogene that encodes a transcriptional regulator of mobile proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Adults presenting with higher tumor burdens and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase have a bad prognosis. Disease with a large tumor burden may be connected with a hypermetabolic syndrome that is triggered by remedy as the tumor undergoes sudden lysis. This syndrome may result in life-threatening hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia.

    Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is characterized through the proliferation of extremely atypical cells that express the CD30 antigen. These tumors usually communicate a T-cell phenotype and are connected using the chromosomal translocation t(a couple of;five)(p23;q35), producing in the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) fusion protein. Activation of the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase results in an unregulated mitogenic signal.

    Another kind of T-cell lymphoma may be the adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, an intense illness connected with HTLV-I infection that is characterized by generalized adenopathy, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and lytic bone lesions.

    Lastly, Hodgkin’s lymphoma is distinguished by the presence of the Reed-Sternberg giant cell of B-cell lineage, which can be regarded the malignant cell kind in this neoplasm. The Reed-Sternberg cell constitutes only 1-10% of the total number of tissue in pathologic specimens of this illness and is connected with an infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells.

    Low Fat Diet Menu Reduces Common Skin Cancers

    If you have a history of skin cancer, or are looking for ways to reduce your risk, you might want to adopt a low fat diet menu according to research just out of Australia. The findings tie high intakes of total fat to increased risk of a form of skin cancer known as squamous cell carcinoma among those who have a history of the disease. The research appears in the International Journal of Cancer.

    “In addition to protecting the skin from sunlight, people who have a history of skin cancer would benefit from lowering their total fat intake,” says Dr. Torukiri I. Ibiebele of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Australia.

    Though intakes of dietary fat have been associated with skin cancer in the past, until now there was sparse, inconsistent evidence of any link between the two.

    The team studied the diet of 457 men, 600 women aged 25-75 years old, computing their daily intake of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in meats, fried foods, breads, veggies and what’s used in cooking.

    The subjects all lived in the sub-tropical area of Nambour, Queensland, a place with high exposure to ultraviolet sunlight. Findings stand up even after allowing for factors that could be linked to cancer such as where a subject lived and their level of exposure to the sun.

    Basic information about diet, skin color and sun exposure was collected using a questionnaire in 1992.

    The follow up to the study lasted 11 years, during which time 267 of the study subjects developed a total of 664 basal cell skin tumors – the worlds most common skin cancer.

    Another 127 subjects developed a total of 235 squamous cell skin tumors – the second most common form of skin cancer. These two forms of non-melanoma skin cancer account for the vast majority of skin cancers. These are readily and successfully treated when caught early.

    The Australian study found there was no significant association between the amount of fat a subject consumed each day and the overall risk of either basal cell or squamous cell cancers.

    However, if a subject had a prior history of skin cancer, higher total fat intake was associated with an almost twofold increased risk of squamous cell cancers.

    This supports a body of work that shows that prior skin cancers make high fat diets a no-no.

    Eating a low fat diet isn’t as hard as you might think. You need to start by being aware of what you’re putting in your body.

    Get into the habit of reading food labels, watch for the hidden fats in those processed and baked goodies and don’t neglect the fats and oils used in cooking. Keep your goals realistic, that means don’t cut everything all at once.

    Be sure that you stock your fridge and cabinets with healthy options – whole grain pastas, breads and grains, plus lots of fresh veggies and fruits.

    You can also work to make substitutions – leaner cuts of meat, adding more chicken or fish (once or twice per week), fresh veggies and fruits to your menu. Always eat breakfast, as this will keep your blood sugar levels stable till lunch, making you less likely to snack.

    Water is super helpful, as it aids digestion and keeps you feeling fuller, longer. It’s also important to watch the portion sizes on all your meals, as what you’ve become accustomed to seeing on restaurant plates is usually quite a bit bigger than a true serving.

    Remember, deciding to choose a low fat diet menu doesn’t mean depriving yourself. Some fat is good, and you can certainly enjoy a treat once in a while, but cutting the unnecessary fats in your daily intake can certainly be helpful for skin cancer patients, and the rest of us too.

    A Guided Imagery While Undergoing Cancer Treatments

    “When we practice dying, We are learning to identify less with Ego and more with Soul.” Ram Dass

    The cancer literature that I had read said to envision the cancer cells as the enemy. The books said to imagine destroying the “bad” invasive cells by blowing them up. Envisioning the annihilation of my cancer cells seemed to me like I was dividing myself against my own body. These particular cancer cells were mine, my body had created them. I saw them as a benign part of nature. I simply could not use this suggested method of annihilation. I longed for options and prayed for guidance. The night before my first cancer treatment I received my answer expressed in the form of the most vivid dream I could ever recall.

    She began her journey to the hospital as she climbed into the small red car with the person that first revealed her suspected cancer. She was startled to see hundreds of starfish-like creature emanating sheer glee for the love of life alone. They displayed exquisitely vivid multi colors. They were friendly, cheerful and fun albeit noisy as they were all trying to communicate with her at once. The woman felt overwhelming love and compassion for these odd, beautiful little creatures. They made her laugh. She beseeched the driver not to move the car until she could get the little ones to depart. They were everywhere, on the seats, under the seats, in the glove compartment, hanging off the mirror and the doors both inside and outside of the car. They were beneath the tires. They had no sense of the impending danger. They would be smashed to bits if the driver moved the car. The woman felt deeply connected and protective of these curious little creatures and intuitively knew th at they meant no harm. They were simply and totally self-absorbed in the maintenance of their own life force akin to self-centered teenagers. She did not want them to die any more than she herself wanted to die from their invasion into her body. The woman awoke feeling strong, refreshed and humored by another of nature’s endless surprises.

    When I awoke I was filled with delight. Smiling, I pondered the wondrous nature of cells and the innate intelligence of these body building blocks, of which there are some 50 trillion, give or take a million here or there. Inherent in the life of the cell is an intricate process of cell division. It is somewhere within the cycle of cell division that a cancer cell runs amok.

    All possible explanations aside, we now have a cell with a behavioral problem. A cell that does not play well with others, and in fact, is mutating into a type of aggressive gang member mentality that rapidly MUTATES and CLONES itself into more gang members. Their adventures eventually lead to invasion of neighboring turfs. Part of this “gang” mentality is to ignore agreed upon social rules which govern their old community of cells. They totally disregard cooperation and how a “community” should be formed and maintained for the highest good of the entire system. They do not understand the impact of their choices on neighboring communities or that eventually these renegade cells will cause their own demise. Dr. Lewis Thomas says that “Disease usually results from inconclusive negotiations for symbiosis, an overstepping of the line by one side or the other, a biologic misinterpretation of borders”.

    Turning inward as I lay upon the hospital bed, I felt peaceful and deeply grateful for having had this delightful dream. The nurse prepared to administer the chemo treatment through the catheter-type device previously implanted in my chest, as I continued listening to the beautiful piece of music that I had brought along. I visualized angels standing just to the right of me. In my mind’s eye, the angels were holding large soft nets made of the finest silk. I explained to the delightful shimmering creatures, vibrant with spectacular colors, that they were in great danger of being eliminated by incoming poison. They had to vacate my body at once. I envisioned guiding them on their way out of my body into the loving arms of awaiting angels holding silk nets.

    Six years have passed since my mastectomy. I am thriving in all areas of my life. I still smile when I think of those joyous little creatures that I believe are part of God’s creation. I remember their blessings as they showered me with colors more beautiful and vivid than seen in the movie Avatar. My friends constantly remark on how colorful I dress these days reminding me of the usual blacks, browns and tans that I used to wear. I just smile unless I know them well and then I say, “Yes, one of the many gifts from my cancer cells.”

    Cervical Cancer and Having Children Later

    Will I be able to have children after surgery? Do I have to have a hysterectomy? These are both natural questions women ask when they’re told they have to have surgery for cervical cancer. The answer to the second question is: it depends. It depends on how early your cancer was caught. If it’s still just local and smaller than 2 cm (which is a little less than an inch), then you should be able to avoid a hysterectomy. The answer to the second question is: it depends, but probably yes as long as you don’t have a hysterectomy.

    Surgery to remove a small, localized cervical cancer will require one of these surgeries: LEEP, cone biopsy or trachelectomy. Sometimes you may have more than one, like a LEEP followed by a cone biopsy. The reason for two surgeries is because you may have a LEEP to remove severe dysplasia, and they find a small tumor in the tissue. Then you may have a followup cone biopsy to make sure it was all removed.

    Okay, now your surgery is over, you have waited 6 months to a year to heal, can you have children? Provided you don’t have any other reason to be infertile, you should be able to, but you might encounter a few hurdles. These hurdles are cervical stenosis (or stiffness of the cervix), decreased cervical mucus, blocked fallopian tubes and incompetent cervix. You may not have any of these, or you may have all of them.

    I had micro-invasive cervical cancer, and after 3 surgeries, I had a baby five years later. I was terrified that I would suffer from preterm labor because all the doctors warned about that due to the dreaded “incompetent cervix.” That is when your cervix won’t stay closed to keep the baby inside. It can happen because your cervix is shorter after the surgeries, but, interestingly, the length of your cervix may still be long enough. An “incompetent cervix” is more likely to happen to women who are born with short cervixes or who have a genetic defect in the shape of their uterus.

    Nobody can guarantee that you won’t have premature dilation of your cervix, so you will go see a perinatologist once you get pregnant, and the doctor can measure your cervix length on ultrasound. The doctor will see you once a month once you’re about 3 months pregnant, and if your cervix looks like it’s shortening, you may need a cerclage to keep it closed.

    A cerclage is a fancy word for a stitch in the cervix. Literally, they put in a stitch to close the cervix. That stays in until about 2 weeks before you’re due to have the baby. I think the important thing to know is that there is life after cervical cancer, and it can include having children if you catch the cancer early. Go to your doctor for regular Pap smears and pelvic exams! Whether or not you have children later is something that you should get to decide, not have cancer decide it for you.

    Prostate Cancer - The Basic Facts

    Prostate Cancer has unfortunately presented itself as one of the most common male cancers within the western world. There is much information about this disease on the Internet – some of this is helpful – some less so.

    It is therefore essential that the patient seeks out the facts and is regular contact with their doctor

    What is it?

    The Prostate, or sex gland as it is often termed, is actually one of the more unusual aspects of the male reproductive system. The Prostate is essentially responsible for producing the sperm nourishing prostatic fluid found in semen. Cancer of the prostate gland develops when cells in the area begin to multiply at an uncontrollable rate.

    Although in its early stages, it presents minimal complications, this slow growing cancer does need to be treated before it spreads to the bones located outside the prostate.

    Who is affected?

    Relatively little is actually known about the gland, although we do know that Prostate Cancer is the most common cause of cancer in men. It is responsible for a huge 25% of newly diagnosed cases of cancer in England and Wales. It is actually more common in men aged over 65 and in men from an African Caribbean or African descent. Within the UK prostate cancer is responsible for the death of approximately 9,000 men every year.

    What are the symptoms?

    Most men with early prostate cancer will actually exhibit little or no symptoms.

    However, if you do experience any of the following symptoms it is important that you visit your Doctor.

    o Needing to urinate more often, especially at night

    o Having to rush to the toilet, so that you may even leak urine at times

    o A difficulty in attempting to pass urine.

    o A weak urine flow

    o Dribbling when urinating

    o Pain when passing urine.

    o New pain in the lower back, hips or pelvis

    What causes it?

    There is actually no single cause that can be identified for the onset of this disease. However there are risk factors that can affect the genetic material of prostate cells and encourage subsequent cancerous activity.

    Whilst factors such as age, ethnic group, and family history are impossible to control, cancer specialist have noted that a diet high in diary products and red meat can increase the risk of developing the condition.

    * How is it treated?

    Following your Doctor making a referral to a multi Disciplinary Team ( MDT) an assessment will be undertaken to establish whether the cancer is localized (i.e. only affecting the prostate), or in an advanced stage (the cancer has moved outside the prostate)

    Treatments that can be utilized for localized Prostate Cancer can include one or more of the following:

    o Active Surveillance – where the state of the cancer is closely observed and treatment is only commenced if absolutely necessary.

    o External Beam radiotherapy – where radiation is used to kill cancer cells.

    o Radical Prostatectomy – where the prostate is removed.

    o Brachytherapy – here radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate.

    o High Dose Rate Brachytherapy – here temporary sources of radiation are targeted daily at the prostate.

    If the cancer is locally advanced or advanced, you may instead be offered hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy[y. At this point, it is actually no longer possible to actually cure the disease.

    Instead treatments are aimed at the prolonging of life and relieving of symptoms.

    * What are the likely side effects of Treatment?

    Prostate Cancer Treatment is unfortunately often uncomfortable mainly due to the side effects experienced by patients. Post surgical effects can include urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction, while radio and chemotherapy can cause tiredness, nausea and hair loss.

    These are important considerations but are put in context by the possibility of a greater return – that vitally important all clear diagnosis!

    The Top Three Ways to Prevent Cancer Naturally

    If you wonder how you can prevent cancer naturally, either in your life, or in the life of your loved ones, you are not alone. The good news is, most cancer is completely preventable, according to the National Institute of Health, and there are many things you can do to reduce your risk of developing that frightening disease.

    Following are three of the most important changes you can make in order to prevent cancer from affecting your life.

    1. Eliminate processed foods from your diet. Used to eating boxed and/or frozen dinners, sodas, store-bought sweets and flour-based foods (such as bread and pasta)? How about cold cereals, pasteurized milk, snack chips and canned vegetables?

    If so, you are eating yourself into bad health. Processed foods not only have little to no nutritional value, but can actually cause nutritional deficiencies. In addition, they are likely to contain toxic substances, and more than you think: the FDA allows food manufacturers to put as many as 15,000 different chemicals in food without having to list them on the label! Many of these toxic chemicals are carcinogenic-or, can cause cancer-and the more that accumulate in your system, the higher your risk of developing cancer.

    2. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are nutrient-dense, filled with vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients and antioxidants. All of these substances work against disease, and the more you eat, the lower your risk of developing all sorts of disease. Aim for at least seven servings daily.

    3. Take an antioxidant supplement. I usually eat eight or nine servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Sometimes, I eat as many as eleven. Yet, my blood recently showed more free radicals than is considered healthy, and I was told to boost my antioxidant intake. So, your healthy diet may not be sufficient to supply the antioxidants you need.

    I recommend a 100% pure juice from one of the superberries, such as goji, Noni, or aca’i, or a mixture of such juices. Many antioxidant supplements come in a powder form, and those have lost up to two-thirds of their antioxidant value.

    There are many other lifestyle changes you can make to help prevent cancer naturally. However, if you had to choose three, these would be the three I would recommend.